golang发起GET和POST请求，超时设置-白红宇

golang发起GET和POST请求，超时设置

阅读量：3988 次

发布时间：2019-05-24

本文共 6703 字，大约阅读时间需要 22 分钟。

GET请求

func CurlGetWithParam(link string, param map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
   	u, _ := url.Parse(link)	q := u.Query()	for k, val := range param {
   		q.Set(k, val)	}	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()	link = u.String()	resp, err := http.Get(link)	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	defer resp.Body.Close()	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)	return string(body), nil}

POST请求

由于数据在请求体中，根据数据的解析规则，POST有几种Content-Type，具体说明可以阅读 https://blog.csdn.net/raoxiaoya/article/details/106446863

Content-Type常用的两种格式：multipart/form-data, application/x-www-form-urlencoded

1、multipart/form-data

可以上传文件，数据以boundary分割，类似于 multipart/form-data; boundary---------------xxxxxxxxxx

根据Content-Type，接收者就可以解析数据了。

boundary后面的字符串是随机生成的。

func CurlPostWithParam4(link string, param map[string][]string, header map[string]string, files map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
   	data := &bytes.Buffer{
   }	writer := multipart.NewWriter(data)	// 处理文件内容	for name, path := range files {
   		part, err := writer.CreateFormFile(name, path)		if err != nil {
   			return response, err		}		f, err := os.Open(path)		if err != nil {
   			return response, err		}		_, err = io.Copy(part, f)		if err != nil {
   			return response, err		}	}	// 处理其他字段	for k, sli := range param {
   		for _, s := range sli {
   			writer.WriteField(k, s)		}	}	err = writer.Close()	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	// 查看数据流	// p, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(data)	// fmt.Println(string(p))	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", link, data)	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	// 处理header	for k, v := range header {
   		req.Header.Set(k, v)	}	// **** 重要	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())	client := &http.Client{
   }	resp, err := client.Do(req)	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	defer resp.Body.Close()	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)	return string(body), nil}

本函数支持header, 文件，切片value

func main() {
   	p4 := map[string][]string{
   "key": {
   "aaaa"}, "id": {
   "123", "456"}}	file := map[string]string{
   "out": "./note.ttt"}	rep4, err := CurlPostWithParam4("http://192.168.2.157:8000/vote2/Vote", p4, nil, file)	fmt.Println(rep4)	fmt.Println(err)}

查看打印数据流

p, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(data)fmt.Println(string(p))

打印信息：

--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bfContent-Disposition: form-data; name="out"; filename="./note.ttt"Content-Type: application/octet-streamaaaaaaabbbbbbb--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bfContent-Disposition: form-data; name="key"aaaa--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bfContent-Disposition: form-data; name="id"123--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bfContent-Disposition: form-data; name="id"456--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bf--

2、application/x-www-form-urlencoded

发送普通key-value，以&拼接。

func CurlPostWithParam1(link string, param map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
   	str := ""	for k, val := range param {
   		if str == "" {
   			str = k + "=" + val		} else {
   			str = str + "&" + k + "=" + val		}	}	r := strings.NewReader(str)	resp, err := http.Post(link, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", r)	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	defer resp.Body.Close()	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)	return string(body), nil}

发送的value是一个切片，也就是可以发送数组。

func CurlPostWithParam2(link string, param map[string][]string) (response string, err error) {
   	// fmt.Println(url.Values(param).Encode()) // id=123&key=Value&key=aaaa	resp, err := http.PostForm(link, url.Values(param))	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	defer resp.Body.Close()	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)	return string(body), nil}

带请求头的

func CurlPostWithParam3(link string, param map[string][]string, header map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
   	r := strings.NewReader(url.Values(param).Encode())	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", link, r)	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	for k, v := range header {
   		req.Header.Set(k, v)	}	client := &http.Client{
   }	resp, err := client.Do(req)	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	defer resp.Body.Close()	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)	return string(body), nil}

3、其他类型

如果要传递的数据是自定义格式的，接收者自定义解析的，比如 json, xml。

text 		=> text/plainjavascript 	=> application/javascriptjson 		=> application/jsonhtml 		=> text/htmlxml 		=> application/xml

可通过设置 req.Header.Set(“Content-Type”, “application/json”)

func CurlPostWithParam5(link string, param string, header map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
   	r := strings.NewReader(param)	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", link, r)	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	for k, v := range header {
   		req.Header.Set(k, v)	}	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")	client := &http.Client{
   }	resp, err := client.Do(req)	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	defer resp.Body.Close()	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)	return string(body), nil}

超时设置

超时设置是在 http.Client 对象里面的 Timeout 字段

type Client struct {
   	Transport RoundTripper	CheckRedirect func(req *Request, via []*Request) error	Jar CookieJar	Timeout time.Duration}

http 包下的快捷方式，如 http.Get(), http.Post() 使用的是默认的client，因此 Timeout 为零值，就是 0 ，也就是不超时。

func Get(url string) (resp *Response, err error) {
   	return DefaultClient.Get(url)}var DefaultClient = &Client{
   }

所以，想要设置超时，需要使用自定义的client来发起请求，类似于。

c := http.Client{
   	Timeout: time.Second * 2,}req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://192.168.2.157:8001/common/GetOpenidByCode?code=xxxx", strings.NewReader(""))if err != nil {
   	panic(err)}resp, err := c.Do(req)if err != nil {
   	panic(err)}defer resp.Body.Close()body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)fmt.Println(string(body))fmt.Println(err)

综合一下

func CurlWithParam(link string, method string, param map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
   	client := http.Client{
   Timeout: time.Second * 10}	m := strings.ToLower(method)	var resp *http.Response	if m == "get" {
   		u, _ := url.Parse(link)		q := u.Query()		for k, val := range param {
   			q.Set(k, val)		}		u.RawQuery = q.Encode()		link = u.String()		resp, err = client.Get(link)	} else if m == "post" {
   		str := ""		for k, val := range param {
   			if str == "" {
   				str = k + "=" + val			} else {
   				str = str + "&" + k + "=" + val			}		}		r := strings.NewReader(str)		client := http.Client{
   Timeout: time.Second * 10}		resp, err = client.Post(link, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", r)	} else {
   		return response, errors.New("only support get and post method")	}	if err != nil {
   		return response, err	}	defer resp.Body.Close()	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)	return string(body), nil}

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